<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
>

<channel>
	<title>Centre de Recherche sur la Mati&#232;re Divis&#233;e - FRE 3520</title>
	<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/</link>
	<description></description>
	<language>fr</language>
	<generator>SPIP - www.spip.net</generator>

	<image>
		<title>Centre de Recherche sur la Mati&#232;re Divis&#233;e - FRE 3520</title>
		<url>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/IMG/siteon0.png</url>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/</link>
		<height>114</height>
		<width>142</width>
	</image>


	



	<item>
		<title>Jeudi 27 Juin 2013</title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Vendredi-20-avril-2012,470</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Vendredi-20-avril-2012,470</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-06-18T05:33:13Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fabienne Warmont</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Actualites-">Actualit&#233;s</category>


		<description>D&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;r&lt;/sup&gt; &#193;kos T&#246;r&#246;k, Department of Construction Materials and Engineering Geology &#8211; Universit&#233; de Budapest

-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Actualites-" rel="directory"&gt;Actualit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;Weathering crust and dust on limestone monuments : physical properties, chemical composition and environmental control&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;D&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;r&lt;/sup&gt; &#193;kos T&#246;r&#246;k&lt;/strong&gt;, Department of Construction Materials and Engineering Geology &#8211; Universit&#233; de Budapest&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;R&#233;sum&#233;&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Limestone monuments located in urban, industrial and rural areas often show different weathering features. Weathering crusts, settling dust and host limestone samples were collected in Hungary and Germany at 13 sites. Micro-fabric (microscopy, SEM), mineralogical composition (XRD) and trace element distribution (LA-ICPMS) were analyzed to understand the contribution of dust to the formation of weathering crusts. Both weathering crusts and the dust found at urban sites are enriched in gypsum. In dust samples siliceous fly-ash particles are more common, than carbonaceous ones in both countries indicating the longer term stability of these particles. Mineral fragments in dust are abundant and their composition represents the geology of the background area. Gypsum crystal aggregates were also identified within dust samples indicating the rapid sulphation process. Lead mostly accumulates in dust, but also in the black crust, showing the highest lead concentrations close to the crust/limestone boundary. PAH was also recorded in dust and also in the limestone. The study suggests that both settling dust and black crust samples collected from limestone buildings could be used as environmental indicators of past and recent pollution levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



	<item>
		<title>Jeudi 27 Juin 2013</title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Lundi-XX-Avril</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Lundi-XX-Avril</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-06-18T05:29:02Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fabienne Warmont</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-">S&#233;minaires</category>


		<description>D&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;r&lt;/sup&gt; &#193;kos T&#246;r&#246;k, Department of Construction Materials and Engineering Geology &#8211; Universit&#233; de Budapest

-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-" rel="directory"&gt;S&#233;minaires&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;Weathering crust and dust on limestone monuments : physical properties, chemical composition and environmental control&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;D&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;r&lt;/sup&gt; &#193;kos T&#246;r&#246;k, Department of Construction Materials and Engineering Geology &#8211; Universit&#233; de Budapest&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;R&#233;sum&#233;&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Limestone monuments located in urban, industrial and rural areas often show different weathering features. Weathering crusts, settling dust and host limestone samples were collected in Hungary and Germany at 13 sites. Micro-fabric (microscopy, SEM), mineralogical composition (XRD) and trace element distribution (LA-ICPMS) were analyzed to understand the contribution of dust to the formation of weathering crusts. Both weathering crusts and the dust found at urban sites are enriched in gypsum. In dust samples siliceous fly-ash particles are more common, than carbonaceous ones in both countries indicating the longer term stability of these particles. Mineral fragments in dust are abundant and their composition represents the geology of the background area. Gypsum crystal aggregates were also identified within dust samples indicating the rapid sulphation process. Lead mostly accumulates in dust, but also in the black crust, showing the highest lead concentrations close to the crust/limestone boundary. PAH was also recorded in dust and also in the limestone. The study suggests that both settling dust and black crust samples collected from limestone buildings could be used as environmental indicators of past and recent pollution levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



	<item>
		<title>Jeudi 20 Juin 2013</title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Vendredi-4-decembre-2009</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Vendredi-4-decembre-2009</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-06-18T05:26:46Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fabienne Warmont</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-">S&#233;minaires</category>


		<description>D&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;r&lt;/sup&gt;. Andrei Jitianu - Lehman College - New York

-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-" rel="directory"&gt;S&#233;minaires&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;Non-porous Hybrid Gels and their application for the hermetic barriers for microelectronics&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;D&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;r&lt;/sup&gt;. Andrei Jitianu&lt;/strong&gt; - Lehman College - New York&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;R&#233;sum&#233; :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Hermetic barriers are desirable materials for electronic industry. These are an essential part of microelectronics, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), displays using organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and electrochemical devices, such as microbatteries. The hermetic seals prevent the penetration of outside contaminants such as humidity and other gases to infiltrate into electronic devices and degrading their performance.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Due to their low temperatures of softening and consolidation the hybrid organic-inorganic melting gels can be used for hermetic barrier applications. Two important properties of the melting gels make them usable as a hermetic barrier ; one is their high hydrophobicity and second is their lack of porosity. The main objective is to fabricate the hermetic barrier materials which have low temperature of processability and high hydrophobicity.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The hybrid melting gels were synthesized by the sol-gel method using mono-substituted silanes such as methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and di-substituted silanes such as dimethyldiethoxysilane (DEDMS). The mixtures and the resulting melting gels have been characterized for their softening temperatures and consolidation temperatures. With an interest in using these materials for sealing microelectronics, their physical properties have been measured.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



	<item>
		<title>lundi 17 Juin 2013</title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/vendredi-3-juillet-2009</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/vendredi-3-juillet-2009</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-06-18T05:24:51Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fabienne Warmont</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-">S&#233;minaires</category>


		<description>Farid Benboudjema - ENS Cachan

-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-" rel="directory"&gt;S&#233;minaires&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;Analyse exp&#233;rimentale et mod&#233;lisation du s&#233;chage et de ses effets sur le comportement des mat&#233;riaux cimentaires&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Farid Benboudjema - ENS Cachan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;R&#233;sum&#233;&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;L'exposition des mat&#233;riaux cimentaires &#224; une humidit&#233; relative environnante, inf&#233;rieure en g&#233;n&#233;ral &#224; celle r&#233;gnant au sein du mat&#233;riau est &#224; l'origine d'un d&#233;s&#233;quilibre hygrom&#233;trique. Ce d&#233;s&#233;quilibre se traduit par un mouvement de l'eau (sous forme liquide et vapeur) de l'int&#233;rieur du mat&#233;riau vers l'ext&#233;rieur, conduisant au s&#233;chage de celui-ci. Le s&#233;chage est un ph&#233;nom&#232;ne complexe, dont une mod&#233;lisation simplifi&#233;e a &#233;t&#233; propos&#233;e et valid&#233;e&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Le s&#233;chage dans les mat&#233;riaux cimentaires a plusieurs effets. D'une part, il est le moteur de d&#233;formations diff&#233;r&#233;es : le retrait de dessiccation et le fluage de dessiccation. D'autre part le degr&#233; de saturation a une influence importante sur le transfert des gaz (perm&#233;ation) et sur le coefficient de diffusion des esp&#232;ces ioniques.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Le retrait de dessiccation induit un effet de structure &#224; plusieurs &#233;chelles. En effet, la zone en peau d'&#233;l&#233;ments en b&#233;ton a tendance &#224; se contracter plus que les zones de c&#339;ur. Les cons&#233;quences sont la cr&#233;ation de contraintes de traction en peau et de contraintes de compression en c&#339;ur. Des microfissures apparaissent alors en peau. A l'&#233;chelle des h&#233;t&#233;rog&#233;n&#233;it&#233;s du mat&#233;riau, seule la p&#226;te de ciment subit la d&#233;formation de retrait de dessiccation, les granulats pr&#233;sents dans le b&#233;ton ne subissent pas de variation dimensionnelle significative sous l'effet du s&#233;chage. Les d&#233;formations diff&#233;rentielles r&#233;sultantes entre la p&#226;te de ciment et les granulats sont donc &#224; l'origine d'un syst&#232;me d'auto-contraintes. Ce syst&#232;me peut conduire &#224; une microfissuration de la matrice cimentaire &#224; l'interface granulat / p&#226;te de ciment.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;L'&#233;tude de cette fissuration a &#233;t&#233; men&#233;e par le biais d'essais classiques, et &#233;galement originaux qui seront pr&#233;sent&#233;s. L'essai &#224; l'anneau o&#249; le mat&#233;riau cimentaire est coul&#233; autour d'un anneau m&#233;tallique permet d'&#233;tudier la fissuration par retrait emp&#234;ch&#233;. Egalement, la corr&#233;lation d'image permet d'avoir une analyse quantifi&#233; de la fissuration (longueur de fissure, ouverture), permettant de d&#233;terminer la durabilit&#233; vis-&#224;-vis d'agressions externes. Une strat&#233;gie de mod&#233;lisation &#224; diff&#233;rentes &#233;chelles a &#233;galement &#233;t&#233; mises au point et sera pr&#233;sent&#233;e.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



	<item>
		<title>Soutenance de th&#232;se - Tifenn BOUTARD - Mercredi 26 Juin 2013</title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Soutenance-de-these-Mohammed</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Soutenance-de-these-Mohammed</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-06-04T12:06:25Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fabienne Warmont</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Actualites-">Actualit&#233;s</category>


		<description>Tifenn Boutard soutiendra sa th&#232;se le mercredi 26 juin 2013. &lt;br /&gt;Sujet : Synth&#232;se et caract&#233;risation de dioxyde de c&#233;rium nanom&#233;trique. &lt;br /&gt;Applications &#224; la protection topique contre les agents chimiques de guerre et civils et &#224; la photoprotection topique &lt;br /&gt;Rapporteurs : &lt;br /&gt;St&#233;phanie BRIANCON Professeur, Universit&#233; de Lyon 1 &lt;br /&gt;Oscar AWITOR Professeur, Universit&#233; d'Auvergne &lt;br /&gt;Jury : &lt;br /&gt;L&#233;vi ALLAM Professeur, Universit&#233; d'Orl&#233;ans &lt;br /&gt;Oscar AWITOR Professeur, Universit&#233; d'Auvergne &lt;br /&gt;St&#233;phanie BRIANCON Professeur, Universit&#233; de Lyon 1 (...)


-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Actualites-" rel="directory"&gt;Actualit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Tifenn Boutard soutiendra sa th&#232;se le mercredi 26 juin 2013.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Sujet&lt;/strong&gt; : Synth&#232;se et caract&#233;risation de dioxyde de c&#233;rium nanom&#233;trique.
&lt;br /&gt;Applications &#224; la protection topique contre les agents chimiques de guerre et civils et &#224; la photoprotection topique&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Rapporteurs&lt;/strong&gt; :
&lt;br /&gt;St&#233;phanie BRIANCON Professeur, Universit&#233; de Lyon 1
&lt;br /&gt;Oscar AWITOR Professeur, Universit&#233; d'Auvergne&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Jury&lt;/strong&gt; :
&lt;br /&gt;L&#233;vi ALLAM Professeur, Universit&#233; d'Orl&#233;ans
&lt;br /&gt;Oscar AWITOR Professeur, Universit&#233; d'Auvergne
&lt;br /&gt;St&#233;phanie BRIANCON Professeur, Universit&#233; de Lyon 1
&lt;br /&gt;C&#233;line COUTEAU Ma&#238;tre de Conf&#233;rences HDR, Universit&#233; de Nantes
&lt;br /&gt;Thierry DEVERS Ma&#238;tre de Conf&#233;rences HDR, Universit&#233; d'Orl&#233;ans
&lt;br /&gt;Denis JOSSE Docteur, Service D&#233;partemental d'Incendie et de Secours des Alpes-Maritimes
&lt;br /&gt;Christos ROUSSAKIS Professeur, Universit&#233; de Nantes
&lt;br /&gt;Laurent TAYSSE Docteur, D&#233;l&#233;gation G&#233;n&#233;rale de l'Armement ma&#238;trise NRBC&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



	<item>
		<title>Jeudi 6 Juin 2013</title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Jeudi-6-Juin-2013</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Jeudi-6-Juin-2013</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-05-21T11:07:01Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fabienne Warmont</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-">S&#233;minaires</category>


		<description>Maguy Jaber - LRS Paris 6

-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-" rel="directory"&gt;S&#233;minaires&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;Les biomol&#233;cules et le monde min&#233;ral : vectorisation, d&#233;pollution et origines de la vie&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;D&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;r&lt;/sup&gt;. Maguy Jaber
Laboratoire de R&#233;activit&#233; de Surface, Equipe Bioninterfaces - UPMC&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;R&#233;sum&#233; :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Avant la biochimie, existait certainement un monde min&#233;ral, d&#233;j&#224; riche en complexit&#233; et &#233;volutif. Cette structuration du min&#233;ral peut-elle avoir influenc&#233;, facilit&#233;, orient&#233;... la structuration des biomol&#233;cules, dont les pr&#233;curseurs &#233;taient fournis par la chimie pr&#233;biotique ou livr&#233;s par les m&#233;t&#233;orites ?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Cette pr&#233;sentation portera sur la r&#233;activit&#233; de certaines biomol&#233;cules avec des matrices min&#233;rales poreuses. Le L-DOPA est une mol&#233;cule fascinante. Acide amin&#233; non essentiel, pr&#233;curseur de neurotransmitteurs (dopamine, &#233;pin&#233;phrine) est capable de passer la barri&#232;re sang-cerveau, il est utilis&#233; pour cette raison dans le traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Le confinement de cette mol&#233;cule dans deux types de mat&#233;riaux poreux nous a permis de comprendre la complexit&#233; de son m&#233;canisme d'oxydation. La cyst&#233;ine, quant &#224; elle, poss&#232;de diff&#233;rentes fonctionnalit&#233;s complexantes permettant de pr&#233;parer des composites capables de pi&#233;ger des polluants inorganiques et organiques avec des teneurs &#233;lev&#233;es.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Par ailleurs, les matrices argileuses pr&#233;sentent un int&#233;r&#234;t du point de vue de la s&#233;lectivit&#233; d'adsorption des acides amin&#233;s, qui constitue un des probl&#232;mes les plus &#233;pineux de beaucoup de sc&#233;narios pr&#233;biotiques. Comment, &#224; partir des m&#233;langes tr&#232;s complexes de mol&#233;cules apparent&#233;es form&#233;es lors des &#233;pisodes pr&#233;c&#233;dents, un nombre limit&#233; de biomol&#233;cules a-t-il pu &#234;tre s&#233;lectionn&#233; pour la construction du vivant ? Une premi&#232;re r&#233;ponse est l'adsorption s&#233;lective. Elle est amplement d&#233;montr&#233;e dans le cas de l'adsorption sur les argiles de type smectite, &#233;changeurs cationiques, qui peuvent concentrer s&#233;lectivement les acides amin&#233;s dont la sp&#233;ciation favorise une forme cationique. L'inverse est vrai pour les hydrotalcites, &#233;changeurs anioniques, et d'autres s&#233;lectivit&#233;s d'adsorption moins imm&#233;diates &#224; rationaliser sont parfois observ&#233;es. Les progr&#232;s vers la compr&#233;hension fondamentale de cette r&#233;activit&#233; sont assez lents car les syst&#232;mes impliqu&#233;s ont toujours &#233;t&#233; &#233;tudi&#233;s de fa&#231;on tr&#232;s ph&#233;nom&#233;nologique. L'approche &#171; r&#233;activit&#233; de surface &#187; reste &#224; d&#233;velopper.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Ce type d'&#233;tudes dans un domaine encore largement en friche repr&#233;sente un progr&#232;s qualitatif vers la compr&#233;hension du transfert d'information chimique du domaine inorganique vers le domaine du vivant. Au-del&#224; des acides amin&#233;s, des ph&#233;nom&#232;nes semblables paraissent se manifester dans la polym&#233;risation des phosphates, ou la phosphorylation des mol&#233;cules organiques. En r&#233;sum&#233;, les r&#233;sultats de ces &#233;tudes repr&#233;sentent un pas important vers la compr&#233;hension de la chimie pr&#233;biotique, mais &#233;galement ils peuvent &#234;tre utilis&#233;s pour le d&#233;veloppement de mat&#233;riaux nouveaux et ouvrir la porte vers de nouvelles applications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



	<item>
		<title>Jeudi 16 mai 2013</title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/80-Mardi-29-Juin-2010</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/80-Mardi-29-Juin-2010</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-05-14T11:08:28Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fabienne Warmont</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-">S&#233;minaires</category>


		<description>Eric Ferrage - IC2MP - Poitiers

-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Seminaires-" rel="directory"&gt;S&#233;minaires&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;Organisational and dynamical properties of interlayer water in smectites&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Eric Ferrage&lt;/strong&gt; - IC2MP, Poitiers&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;R&#233;sum&#233;&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The crystal-structure and stepwise hydration behaviour of smectite as a function of relative humidity (RH) have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). With increasing RH and under non-saturated conditions, smectite typically shows a stepwise hydration behaviour corresponding to the intercalation of 0, 1 or 2 discrete sheets of water molecules in its interlayer. However, heterogeneities of charge location (between octahedral and tetrahedral sheets) and/or of charge amount (from one interlayer to the other or within a given interlayer) most often lead to the coexistence of different hydration states within smectite crystals. Profile modelling of XRD patterns recorded on hydrated smectites has shown hydration heterogeneity to be systematic, thus impeding the precise structural characterization of smectite. For instance this numerical approach allows precisely determining the actual smectite layer thickness whereas the qualitative measurement of the 001 reflection position on experimental XRD patterns can lead to a dramatic overestimation of the interlayer thickness used in numerical studies.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Although powerful, XRD accounts poorly for the actual statistical positional disorder of interlayer species (H2O, cations). Computational simulations provide relevant information by supplying detailed molecular pictures of the system. Still, relatively few studies have confronted simulation results with experimental data and existing comparisons do not allow fully assessing the validity of the semi-empirical atomic interaction parameters used in theoretical simulations. In a first step, hydration behaviour of two synthetic Na-saponites with different layer charges (0.4 and 0.7/O10(OH)2) was studied by XRD from 92% RH down to 0% RH[1]. Calculated XRD patterns were then fitted to experimental profiles to determine for each sample the RH conditions to obtain almost homogeneous mono-hydrated and bi-hydrated state. Additional neutron diffraction (ND) patterns on both H2O and D2O saturated specimens were used to increase the contrast of sensitivity of the modelling approach towards water[2]. Layer thickness derived from XRD was used to constrain a simulation box for Grand Canonical Monte-Carlo simulations (GCMC-&#181;,V,T). The obtained density profiles of interlayer species were then introduced for calculation of XRD and ND patterns whereas water content was compared to that determined from gravimetric water sorption measurements. Depending on the choice of atomic interaction potentials, GCMC simulations were shown to allow matching experimental water contents and fitting the complete set of diffraction data[2]. Relevant information was then derived concerning the influence of layer charge on the orientational properties of interlayer water molecules.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;In a second step, the dynamical properties of interlayer water were studied by means of three-axis neutron spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation[3,4]. MD simulations were performed on the basis of atomic interaction potentials that allowed reproducing the full set of diffraction data. The MD simulated quasi-elastic spectra were shown to be equivalent to the experimental ones. Such strategy provided classical information on the influence of clay crystal chemistry on water and ion dynamical features as well as reliable additional information on (i) dynamics associated to different types of water molecules (bonded or not to interlayer cations) and (ii) interlayer cation dynamics[4].&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;References :&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;[1] Ferrage E., Lanson B., Michot L.J. &amp; Robert J.L. (2010) Hydration properties and interlayer organization of water and ions in synthetic Na-smectite with tetrahedral layer charge. Part 1. Results from X-ray diffraction profile modeling. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114(10), 4515-4526.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;[2] Ferrage E., Sakharov B., Michot L.J., Delville A., Bauer A., Lanson B., Grangeon S., Frapper G., Jim&#233;nez-Ruiz M. &amp; Cuello G. (2011) Hydration properties and interlayer organization of water and ions in synthetic Na-smectite with tetrahedral layer charge. Part 2. Towards a precise coupling between molecular simulations and diffraction data. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115(5), 1867-1881.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;[3] Jim&#233;nez-Ruiz M., Ferrage E., Delville A. &amp; Michot L.J. (2012) Anisotropy on the collective dynamics of water confined in swelling clay minerals. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 116, 2379-2387.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;[4] Michot L.J., Ferrage E., Jim&#233;nez-Ruiz M., Boehm M. &amp; Delville A. (2012) Anisotropy features of water and ions dynamics in synthetic Na- and Ca-smectite with tetrahedral layer charge. A combined QENS and molecular dynamics simulations study. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116, 16619-16633.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



	<item>
		<title>Jeudi 20 Juin 2013</title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Jeudi-28-Juin-2012</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Jeudi-28-Juin-2012</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-05-14T11:07:06Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fabienne Warmont</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Actualites-">Actualit&#233;s</category>


		<description>D&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;r&lt;/sup&gt;. Andrei Jitianu - Lehman College - New York

-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Actualites-" rel="directory"&gt;Actualit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_chapo'&gt;Non-porous Hybrid Gels and their application for the hermetic barriers for microelectronics&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;D&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;r&lt;/sup&gt;. Andrei Jitianu&lt;/strong&gt; - Lehman College - New York&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;R&#233;sum&#233; :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Hermetic barriers are desirable materials for electronic industry. These are an essential part of microelectronics, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), displays using organic-light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and electrochemical devices, such as microbatteries. The hermetic seals prevent the penetration of outside contaminants such as humidity and other gases to infiltrate into electronic devices and degrading their performance.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Due to their low temperatures of softening and consolidation the hybrid organic-inorganic melting gels can be used for hermetic barrier applications. Two important properties of the melting gels make them usable as a hermetic barrier ; one is their high hydrophobicity and second is their lack of porosity. The main objective is to fabricate the hermetic barrier materials which have low temperature of processability and high hydrophobicity.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;The hybrid melting gels were synthesized by the sol-gel method using mono-substituted silanes such as methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and di-substituted silanes such as dimethyldiethoxysilane (DEDMS). The mixtures and the resulting melting gels have been characterized for their softening temperatures and consolidation temperatures. With an interest in using these materials for sealing microelectronics, their physical properties have been measured.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



	<item>
		<title>Ouvrage : L'&#233;nergie &#224; d&#233;couvert</title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Ouvrage-L-energie-a-decouvert</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/Ouvrage-L-energie-a-decouvert</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-04-15T10:00:38Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Fabienne Warmont</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Actualites-">Actualit&#233;s</category>


		<description>L'&#233;nergie est devenue une question vitale pour les soci&#233;t&#233;s, le citoyen, l'humanit&#233; tout enti&#232;re. Sujet scientifique, &#233;conomique, politique et &#233;cologique majeur, elle suscite des d&#233;bats, parfois violents, sur les choix &#224; faire aujourd'hui et leurs cons&#233;quences pour l'avenir des hommes et de la plan&#232;te. Mais, alors que se tient le grand d&#233;bat national sur la transition &#233;nerg&#233;tique, comment se forger une opinion objective sans conna&#238;tre les donn&#233;es scientifiques les plus compl&#232;tes sur les potentiels et les (...)

-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Actualites-" rel="directory"&gt;Actualit&#233;s&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src=&quot;http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/IMG/arton532.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; height=&quot;57&quot; class=&quot;spip_logos&quot; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;L'&#233;nergie est devenue une question vitale pour les soci&#233;t&#233;s, le citoyen, l'humanit&#233; tout enti&#232;re. Sujet scientifique, &#233;conomique, politique et &#233;cologique majeur, elle suscite des d&#233;bats, parfois violents, sur les choix &#224; faire aujourd'hui et leurs cons&#233;quences pour l'avenir des hommes et de la plan&#232;te. Mais, alors que se tient le grand d&#233;bat national sur la transition &#233;nerg&#233;tique, comment se forger une opinion objective sans conna&#238;tre les donn&#233;es scientifiques les plus compl&#232;tes sur les potentiels et les limites de chaque source d'&#233;nergie ? Ce livre les met enfin &#224; la disposition du public.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;L'&#233;nergie, qu'est-ce que c'est ? Quelles sont les grandes lois physiques qui la gouvernent ? Comment la produire, la transporter, la stocker ? Le solaire, la biomasse, l'&#233;olien, l'hydraulique sont-ils des solutions alternatives suffisantes ? Et quelle part leur r&#233;server &#224; l'avenir ? Les nombreux articles de ce livre (pr&#232;s de 130) proposent au citoyen des outils pour se faire une opinion face &#224; ces questions. Physiciens, chimistes, biologistes, g&#233;ophysiciens, environnementalistes, g&#233;ographes, &#233;conomistes, y pr&#233;cisent, chiffres et sch&#233;mas &#224; l'appui, la place respective des &#233;nergies fossiles, du nucl&#233;aire et des &#233;nergies renouvelables. Au-del&#224;, ils expliquent quelles sont les perspectives offertes par la science sur le mix &#233;nerg&#233;tique, le probl&#232;me du stockage, l'am&#233;lioration de nos usages de l'&#233;nergie, ses impacts environnementaux et sanitaires.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Un panorama complet pour tout savoir sur les enjeux de l'&#233;nergie au XXI&lt;sup class=&quot;typo_exposants&quot;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt; si&#232;cle.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Sous la direction de R&#233;my Mosseri et Catherine Jeandel, Pr&#233;face d'Alain Fuchs&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>



	<item>
		<title>Offre de th&#232;se </title>
		<link>http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/theses</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/theses</guid>
		<dc:date>2013-04-12T11:08:52Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>fr</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>pierre</dc:creator>

<category domain="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Theses,46-">Th&#232;se</category>


		<description>Development of nanostructures via an etchless DSA technique using block copolymers &lt;br /&gt;PhD position at the Centre de Recherche sur la Mati&#232;re Divis&#233;e, Orl&#233;ans, France &lt;br /&gt;Directed Self Assembly (DSA) of nanomaterials combined with etch-free pattern transfer, reflects a growing need to create ultra-small dimension features arranged over large areas without use of complicated etch processes. This is of great importance in various domains, particularly in the field of microelectronics. Of the DSA (...)


-
&lt;a href="http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/-Theses,46-" rel="directory"&gt;Th&#232;se&lt;/a&gt;


		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt; &lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Development of nanostructures via an etchless DSA technique using block
copolymers&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;PhD position at the Centre de Recherche sur la Mati&#232;re Divis&#233;e, Orl&#233;ans, France
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Directed Self Assembly (DSA) of nanomaterials combined with etch-free pattern transfer, reflects a growing need to create ultra-small dimension features arranged over large areas without use of complicated etch processes. This is of great importance in various domains, particularly in the field of microelectronics. Of the DSA techniques developed to date, block copolymer (BCP) strategies have offered the most promise for forming low defectivity structures that can be readily integrated into wafer scale processes. However, much of the recent work has centered on combining these self-assembled structures with standard etch methods to transfer the pattern into the substrate. In contrast, the aim of that project is to use a simple, direct process that exploits the selective inclusion of material precursors within one domain of the BCP pattern.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Although proof of principle of the inclusion technique has been established, a number of key questions remain and will be addressed here. We must over demonstrate that : (I) the method is scalable to sub 12 nm pitch dimensions, (II) the technique can be used to reproducibly fabricate features that are precisely positioned, (III) the nanoscale features produced are functional.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;This international program, funded by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC, http://www.src.org/), is a three year project that will be carried out by a consortium of three institutions :
&lt;br /&gt;- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
&lt;br /&gt;- Centre de Recherche sur la Mati&#232;re Divis&#233;e, CNRS/Universit&#233; d'Orl&#233;ans, Orl&#233;ans, France
&lt;br /&gt;- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Each of the three partners will sponsor a research position centered on the three following tasks :
&lt;br /&gt;- Minneapolis, USA : design and engineering of new BCPs to meet the challenge of scalability and
facilitate component inclusion (&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;polymer synthesis&lt;/strong&gt;) ;
&lt;br /&gt;- Orl&#233;ans, France : directed self-assembly of block polymers and delivery of inorganic oxide and metal
nanopatterns in a positionally defined arrays (&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;physico-chemistry of polymers and inorganic synthesis&lt;/strong&gt;) ;
&lt;br /&gt;- Cork, Ireland, delivery of semiconductor based nanostructures (&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;microelectronic engineering&lt;/strong&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;In Orl&#233;ans, the specific task for the Ph.D. student will be twofold. We will first concentrate on the preparation of ordered and aligned BCP nanostructured thin films. BCP films are usually prepared by spin-coating from dilute polymer solutions and generally result in poorly ordered/oriented/aligned structures. DSA will be achieved by combination of &#147;annealing&#148; processes and graphoepitaxy through the use of topographically patterned substrates to provide a high level of control in the films. In second part of the project, the selective inclusion of the inorganic/metallic precursors will be investigated into the BCP pattern. Emphasis will be made on the use of affordable precursors (such as metallic salts or sol-gel precursors) to render this process easily transferable to the semiconductor industry. Development of the nanopatterns will require a final processing step to remove the BCP and form the inorganic/metallic structures.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Required expertise : We are looking for a polymer scientist with knowledge in block-polymer self-assembly, skilled in surface characterizations, and ready to handle experimental protocols involving inorganic chemistry.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Contacts :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Christophe Sinturel : 00 33(0)2.38.25.58.21, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/mailto christophe.sinturel@univ-orleans.fr&quot; class=&quot;spip_out&quot;&gt;christophe.sinturel@univ-orleans.fr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;spip&quot;&gt;Maryl&#232;ne Vayer : 00 33(0)2.38.25.58.18, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/mailto marylene.vayer@univ-orleans.fr&quot; class=&quot;spip_out&quot;&gt;marylene.vayer@univ-orleans.fr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class='spip_document_398 spip_documents spip_documents_left' style='float:left;'&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/IMG/pdf/PhD_Etchless_DSA_technique_using_BCP.pdf&quot; type=&quot;application/pdf&quot; title='PDF - 68.5 ko'&gt;&lt;img src='http://www.crmd.cnrs-orleans.fr/IMG/cache-48x52/pdf-dist-48x52.png' width='48' height='52' alt=&quot;PDF - 68.5 ko&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;div class='spip_doc_titre' style='width:120px;'&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PhD position&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
		</content:encoded>


		

	</item>





</channel>

</rss>
